Chapter 5: Built-in and Library Routines

BASIC was designed with focus on simplicity of use. Great number of built-in and library routines are included to help you develop your applications quickly and easily.

5.1 Built-in Routines

BASIC incorporates a set of built-in functions and procedures. They are provided to make writing programs faster and easier. You can call built-in functions and procedures in any part of the program.

5.1.1 SetBit – Sets the specified bit

Prototype	`sub procedure SetBit(dim byref Reg as byte, dim Bit as byte)`
Description	Sets <Bit> of register <Reg>. Any SFR (Special Function Register) or variable of byte type can pass as valid variable parameter, but constants should be in range [0..7].
Example	SetBit(PORTB,2) ' set bit RB2

5.1.2 ClearBit – Clears the specified bit

Prototype	`sub procedure ClearBit(dim byref Reg as byte, dim Bit as byte)`
Description	Clears <Bit> of register <Reg>. Any SFR (Special Function Register) or variable of byte type can pass as valid variable parameter, but constants should be in range [0..7].
Example	ClearBit(PORTC,7) ' clear bit RC7

5.1.3 TestBit – Tests the specified bit

Prototype	`sub function TestBit(dim byref Reg as byte, dim Bit as byte) as byte`
Description	Tests <Bit> of register <Reg>. If set, returns 1, otherwise 0. Any SFR (Special Function Register) or variable of byte type can pass as valid variable parameter, but constants should be in range [0..7].
Example	TestBit(PORTA,2) ' returns 1 if PORTA bit RA2 is 1, returns 0 otherwise

5.1.4 Lo – Extract one byte from the specified parameter

Prototype	`sub function Lo(dim Par as byte..longint) as byte`
Description	Returns byte 0 of <Par>, assuming that word/integer comprises bytes 1 and 0, and longint comprises bytes 3, 2, 1, and 0.
Example	Lo(A) ' returns lower byte of variable A

5.1.5 Hi – Extract one byte from the specified parameter

Prototype	`sub function Hi(dim arg as word..longint) as byte`
Description	Returns byte 1 of <Par>, assuming that word/integer comprises bytes 1 and 0, and longint comprises bytes 3, 2, 1, and 0.
Example	Hi(Aa) ' returns hi byte of variable Aa

5.1.6 Higher – Extract one byte from the specified parameter

Prototype	`sub function Higher(dim Par as longint) as byte`
Description	Returns byte 2 of <Par>, assuming that longint comprises bytes 3, 2, 1, and 0.
Example	Higher(Aaaa) ' returns byte next to the highest byte of variable Aaaa

5.1.7 Highest – Extract one byte from the specified parameter

Prototype	`sub function Highest(dim arg as longint) as byte`
Description	Returns byte 3 of <Par>, assuming that longint comprises bytes 3, 2, 1, and 0.
Example	Highest(Aaaa) ' returns the highest byte of variable Aaaa

5.1.8 Delay_us – Software delay in us

Prototype	`sub procedure Delay_us(const Count as word)`
Description	Routine creates a software delay in duration of <Count> microseconds.
Example	Delay_us(100) ' creates software delay equal to 100 µs

5.1.9 Delay_ms – Software delay in ms

Prototype	`sub procedure Delay_ms(const Count as word)`
Description	Routine creates a software delay in duration of <Count> milliseconds.
Example	Delay_ms(1000) ' creates software delay equal to 1s

5.1.10 Inc – Increases variable by 1

Prototype	`sub procedure Inc(byref Par as byte..longint)`
Description	Routine increases <Par> by one.
Example	Inc(Aaaa) ' increments variable Aaaa by 1

5.1.11 Dec – Decreases variable by 1

Prototype	`sub procedure Dec(byref Par as byte..longint)`
Description	Routine decreases <Par> by one.
Example	Dec(Aaaa) ' decrements variable Aaaa by 1

5.1.12 StrLen – Returns length of string

Prototype	`sub function StrLen(dim Text as string) as byte`
Description	Routine returns length of string <Text> as byte.
Example	StrLen(Text) ' returns string length as byte

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5.2 Library Routines

A comprehensive collection of functions and procedures is provided for simplifying the initialization and use of PIC MCU and its hardware modules. Routines currently includes libraries for ADC, I2C, USART, SPI, PWM, driver for LCD, drivers for internal and external CAN modules, flexible 485 protocol, numeric formatting routines…

5.2.1 Numeric Formatting Routines

Numeric formatting routines convert byte, short, word, and integer to string. You can get text representation of numerical value by passing it to one of the routines listed below.

5.2.1.1 ByteToStr – Converts byte to string

Prototype sub procedure ByteToStr(dim input as byte, dim byref txt as char[6])

Description

Parameter <input> represents numerical value of byte type that should be converted to string; parameter <txt> is passed by the address and contains the result of conversion.

Parameter <txt> has to be of sufficient size to fit the converted string.

Example

ByteToStr(Counter, Message)
 ' Copies value of byte Counter into string Message

5.2.1.2 WordToStr – Converts word to string

Prototype sub procedure WordToStr(dim input as word, dim byref txt as char[6])

Description

Parameter <input> represents numerical value of word type that should be converted to string; parameter <txt> is passed by the address and contains the result of conversion.

Parameter <txt> has to be of sufficient size to fit the converted string.

Example

WordToStr(Counter, Message)
 ' Copies value of word Counter into string Message

5.2.1.3 ShortToStr – Converts short to string

Prototype sub procedure ShortToStr(dim input as short, dim byref txt as char[6])

Description

Parameter <input> represents numerical value of short type that should be converted to string; parameter <txt> is passed by the address and contains the result of conversion.

Parameter <txt> has to be of sufficient size to fit the converted string.

Example

ShortToStr(Counter, Message)
 ' Copies value of short Counter into string Message

5.2.1.4 IntToStr – Converts integer to string

Prototype sub procedure IntToStr(dim input as integer, dim byref txt as char[6])

Description

Parameter <input> represents numerical value of integer type that should be converted to string; parameter <txt> is passed by the address and contains the result of conversion.

Parameter <txt> has to be of sufficient size to fit the converted string.

Example

IntToStr(Counter, Message)
 ' Copies value of integer Counter into string Message

5.2.1.5 Bcd2Dec – Converts 8-bit BCD value to decimal

Prototype	`sub procedure Bcd2Dec(dim bcd_num as byte) as byte`
Description	Function converts 8-bit BCD numeral to its decimal equivalent and returns the result as byte.
Example	dim a as byte dim b as byte ... a = 140 b = Bcd2Dec(a) ' b equals 224 now

5.2.1.6 Bcd2Dec – Converts 8-bit decimal to BCD

Prototype	`sub procedure Dec2Bcd(dim dec_num as byte) as byte`
Description	Function converts 8-bit decimal numeral to BCD and returns the result as byte.
Example	dim a as byte dim b as byte ... a = 224 b = Dec2Bcd(a) ' b equals 140 now

5.2.1.7 Bcd2Dec – Converts 16-bit BCD value to decimal

Prototype	`sub procedure Bcd2Dec16(dim bcd_num as word) as word`
Description	Function converts 16-bit BCD numeral to its decimal equivalent and returns the result as byte.
Example	dim a as word dim b as word ... a = 1234 b = Bcd2Dec16(a) ' b equals 4660 now

5.2.1.8 Bcd2Dec – Converts 16-bit BCD value to decimal

Prototype	`sub procedure Dec2Bcd16(dim dec_num as word) as word`
Description	Function converts 16-bit decimal numeral to BCD and returns the result as word.
Example	dim a as word dim b as word ... a = 4660 b = Dec2Bcd16(a) ' b equals 1234 now

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5.2.2 ADC Library

ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) module is available with a number of PIC MCU models. Library function ADC_Read is included to provide you comfortable work with the module. The function is currently unsupported by the following PIC MCU models: P18F2331, P18F2431, P18F4331, and P18F4431.

5.2.2.1 ADC_Read – Get the results of AD conversion

Prototype	`sub function ADC_Read(dim Channel as byte) as word`
Description	Routine initializes ADC module to work with RC clock. Clock determines the time period necessary for performing AD conversion (min 12TAD). RC sources typically have Tad 4uS. Parameter <Channel> determines which channel will be sampled. Refer to the device data sheet for information on device channels.
Example	res = ADC_Read(2) ' reads channel 2 and stores value in variable res

ADC HW connection

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5.2.3 CAN Library

The Controller Area Network module (CAN) is serial interface, used for communicating with other peripherals or microcontrollers. CAN module is available with a number of PIC MCU models. BASIC includes a set of library routines to provide you comfortable work with the module. More details about CAN can be found in appropriate literature and on mElektronikos Web site.

5.2.3.1 CANSetOperationMode – Sets CAN to requested mode

Prototype sub procedure CANSetOperationMode(dim Mode as byte, dim Wait as byte)

Description

The procedure copies <Mode> to CANSTAT and sets CAN to requested mode.

Operation <Mode> code can take any of predefined constant values.
<Wait> takes values TRUE(255) or FALSE(0)

If Wait is true, this is a blocking call. It won't return until requested mode is set. If Wait is false, this is a non-blocking call. It does not verify if CAN module is switched to requested mode or not. Caller must use CANGetOperationMode() to verify correct operation mode before performing mode specific operation.

Example

CANSetOperationMode(CAN_MODE_LISTEN, TRUE)  ' Sets CAN to Listen mode

5.2.3.2 CANGetOperationMode – Returns the current operation mode of CAN

Prototype	`sub function CANGetOperationMode as byte`
Description	The function returns the current operation mode of CAN.
Example	CANGetOperationMode

5.2.3.3 CANInitialize – Initializes CAN

Prototype sub procedure CANInitialize(dim SJW as byte, dim BRP as byte, dim PHSEG1 as byte, dim PHSEG2 as byte, dim PROPSEG as byte, dim CAN_CONFIG_FLAGS as byte)

Description

The procedure initializes CAN module. CAN must be in Configuration mode or else these values will be ignored.

Parameters:
SJW value as defined in 18XXX8 datasheet (must be between 1 thru 4)
BRP value as defined in 18XXX8 datasheet (must be between 1 thru 64)
PHSEG1 value as defined in 18XXX8 datasheet (must be between 1 thru 8)
PHSEG2 value as defined in 18XXX8 datasheet (must be between 1 thru 8)
PROPSEG value as defined in 18XXX8 datasheet (must be between 1 thru 8)
CAN_CONFIG_FLAGS value is formed from constants (see below)

Output:
CAN bit rate is set. All masks registers are set to '0' to allow all messages.
Filter registers are set according to flag value:

If (CAN_CONFIG_FLAGS and CAN_CONFIG_VALID_XTD_MSG) <> 0
    Set all filters to XTD_MSG
Else if (config and CONFIG_VALID_STD_MSG) <> 0
    Set all filters to STD_MSG
Else
    Set half of the filters to STD, and the rest to XTD_MSG

Side Effects:
All pending transmissions are aborted.

Example

dim aa as byte

aa =   CAN_CONFIG_SAMPLE_THRICE and    ' form value to be used
       CAN_CONFIG_PHSEG2_PRG_ON and    ' with CANInitialize
       CAN_CONFIG_STD_MSG and
       CAN_CONFIG_DBL_BUFFER_ON and
       CAN_CONFIG_VALID_XTD_MSG and
       CAN_CONFIG_LINE_FILTER_OFF

CANInitialize(1, 1, 3, 3, 1, aa)

5.2.3.4 CANSetBaudRate – Sets CAN Baud Rate

Prototype sub procedure CANSetBaudRate(dim SJW as byte, dim BRP as byte, dim PHSEG1 as byte, dim PHSEG2 as byte, dim PROPSEG as byte, dim CAN_CONFIG_FLAGS as byte)

Description

The procedure sets CAN Baud Rate. CAN must be in Configuration mode or else these values will be ignored.

Output:
Given values are bit adjusted to fit in 18XXX8 and BRGCONx registers and copied. CAN bit rate is set as per given values.

Example

CANSetBaudRate(1, 1, 3, 3, 1, aa)

5.2.3.5 CANSetMask – Sets the CAN message mask

Prototype sub procedure CANSetMask(CAN_MASK as byte, val as longint, dim CAN_CONFIG_FLAGS as byte)

Description

The procedure sets the CAN message mask. CAN must be in Configuration mode. If not, all values will be ignored.

Parameters:
CAN_MASK - One of predefined constant value
val - Actual mask register value
CAN_CONFIG_FLAGS - Type of message to filter, either CAN_CONFIG_XTD_MSG or CAN_CONFIG_STD_MSG

Output:
Given value is bit adjusted to appropriate buffer mask registers.

Example

CANSetMask(CAN_MASK_B2, -1, CAN_CONFIG_XTD_MSG)

5.2.3.6 CANSetFilter – Sets the CAN message filter

Prototype sub procedure CANSetFilter(dim CAN_FILTER as byte, dim val as longint, dim CAN_CONFIG_FLAGS as byte)

Description

The procedure sets the CAN message filter. CAN must be in Configuration mode. If not, all values will be ignored.

Parameters:
CAN_FILTER - One of predefined constant values
val - Actual filter register value.
CAN_CONFIG_FLAGS - Type of message to filter, either CAN_CONFIG_XTD_MSG or CAN_CONFIG_STD_MSG

Output:
Given value is bit adjusted to appropriate buffer filter registers

Example

CANSetFilter(CAN_FILTER_B1_F1, 3, CAN_CONFIG_XTD_MSG)

5.2.3.7 CANWrite – Queues message for transmission

Prototype sub function CANWrite(dim id as longint, dim byref Data : as byte[8], dim DataLen as byte, dim CAN_TX_MSG_FLAGS as byte) as byte

Description

If at least one empty transmit buffer is found, given message is queued for the transmission. If none found, FALSE value is returned. CAN must be in Normal mode.

Parameters:
id - CAN message identifier. Only 11 or 29 bits may be used depending on message type (standard or extended)
Data - array of bytes up to 8 bytes in length
DataLen - Data length from 1 thru 8
CAN_TX_MSG_FLAGS - Value formed from constants (see section below)

Example

aa1 =  CAN_TX_PRIORITY_0 and      ' form value to be used
       CAN_TX_XTD_FRAME and       ' with CANWrite
       CAN_TX_NO_RTR_FRAME

CANWrite(-1, data, 1, aa1)

5.2.3.8 CANRead – Extracts and reads the message

Prototype sub function CANRead(dim byref id as longint, dim byref Data as byte[8], dim byref DataLen as byte, dim byref CAN_RX_MSG_FLAGS as byte) as byte

Description

If at least one full receive buffer is found, the function extracts and returns the message as byte. If none found, FALSE value is returned. CAN must be in mode in which receiving is possible.

Parameters:
id - CAN message identifier
Data - array of bytes up to 8 bytes in length
DataLen - Data length from 1 thru 8
CAN_TX_MSG_FLAGS - Value formed from constants (see below)

Example

res = CANRead(id, Data, 7, 0)

5.2.3.9 CAN Library Constants

You need to be familiar with constants that are provided for use with the CAN module. All of the following constants are predefined in CAN library.

CAN_OP_MODE

These constant values define CAN module operation mode. CANSetOperationMode() routine requires this code. These values must be used by itself, i.e. they cannot be ANDed to form multiple values.

const CAN_MODE_BITS   = $E0  ' Use these to access opmode bits
const CAN_MODE_NORMAL = 0
const CAN_MODE_SLEEP  = $20
const CAN_MODE_LOOP   = $40
const CAN_MODE_LISTEN = $60
const CAN_MODE_CONFIG = $80

CAN_TX_MSG_FLAGS

These constant values define flags related to transmission of a CAN message. There could be more than one this flag ANDed together to form multiple flags.

const CAN_TX_PRIORITY_BITS  = $03
const CAN_TX_PRIORITY_0  = $FC            ' XXXXXX00
const CAN_TX_PRIORITY_1  = $FD            ' XXXXXX01
const CAN_TX_PRIORITY_2  = $FE            ' XXXXXX10
const CAN_TX_PRIORITY_3  = $FF            ' XXXXXX11

const CAN_TX_FRAME_BIT = $08
const CAN_TX_STD_FRAME = $FF              ' XXXXX1XX
const CAN_TX_XTD_FRAME = $F7              ' XXXXX0XX

const CAN_TX_RTR_BIT = $40
const CAN_TX_NO_RTR_FRAME = $FF           ' X1XXXXXX
const CAN_TX_RTR_FRAME = $BF              ' X0XXXXXX

CAN_RX_MSG_FLAGS

These constant values define flags related to reception of a CAN message. There could be more than one this flag ANDed together to form multiple flags. If a particular bit is set; corresponding meaning is TRUE or else it will be FALSE.

e.g.

if (MsgFlag and CAN_RX_OVERFLOW) <> 0 then

  ' Receiver overflow has occurred.
  ' We have lost our previous message.

const CAN_RX_FILTER_BITS = $07  ' Use these to access filter bits
const CAN_RX_FILTER_1 = $00
const CAN_RX_FILTER_2 = $01
const CAN_RX_FILTER_3 = $02
const CAN_RX_FILTER_4 = $03
const CAN_RX_FILTER_5 = $04
const CAN_RX_FILTER_6 = $05
const CAN_RX_OVERFLOW = $08      ' Set if Overflowed else cleared
const CAN_RX_INVALID_MSG = $10   ' Set if invalid else cleared
const CAN_RX_XTD_FRAME = $20     ' Set if XTD message else cleared
const CAN_RX_RTR_FRAME = $40     ' Set if RTR message else cleared
const CAN_RX_DBL_BUFFERED = $80  ' Set if this message was hardware double-buffered

CAN_MASK

These constant values define mask codes. Routine CANSetMask()requires this code as one of its arguments. These enumerations must be used by itself i.e. it cannot be ANDed to form multiple values.

const CAN_MASK_B1 = 0
const CAN_MASK_B2 = 1

CAN_FILTER

These constant values define filter codes. Routine CANSetFilter() requires this code as one of its arguments. These enumerations must be used by itself, i.e. it cannot be ANDed to form multiple values.

const CAN_FILTER_B1_F1 = 0
const CAN_FILTER_B1_F2 = 1
const CAN_FILTER_B2_F1 = 2
const CAN_FILTER_B2_F2 = 3
const CAN_FILTER_B2_F3 = 4
const CAN_FILTER_B2_F4 = 5

CAN_CONFIG_FLAGS

These constant values define flags related to configuring CAN module. Routines CANInitialize() and CANSetBaudRate() use these codes. One or more these values may be ANDed to form multiple flags

const CAN_CONFIG_DEFAULT = $FF         ' 11111111

const CAN_CONFIG_PHSEG2_PRG_BIT = $01
const CAN_CONFIG_PHSEG2_PRG_ON = $FF   ' XXXXXXX1
const CAN_CONFIG_PHSEG2_PRG_OFF = $FE  ' XXXXXXX0

const CAN_CONFIG_LINE_FILTER_BIT = $02
const CAN_CONFIG_LINE_FILTER_ON = $FF  ' XXXXXX1X
const CAN_CONFIG_LINE_FILTER_OFF = $FD ' XXXXXX0X

const CAN_CONFIG_SAMPLE_BIT = $04
const CAN_CONFIG_SAMPLE_ONCE = $FF     ' XXXXX1XX
const CAN_CONFIG_SAMPLE_THRICE = $FB   ' XXXXX0XX

const CAN_CONFIG_MSG_TYPE_BIT = $08
const CAN_CONFIG_STD_MSG = $FF         ' XXXX1XXX
const CAN_CONFIG_XTD_MSG = $F7         ' XXXX0XXX

const CAN_CONFIG_DBL_BUFFER_BIT = $10
const CAN_CONFIG_DBL_BUFFER_ON = $FF   ' XXX1XXXX
const CAN_CONFIG_DBL_BUFFER_OFF = $EF  ' XXX0XXXX

const CAN_CONFIG_MSG_BITS = $60
const CAN_CONFIG_ALL_MSG = $FF         ' X11XXXXX
const CAN_CONFIG_VALID_XTD_MSG = $DF   ' X10XXXXX
const CAN_CONFIG_VALID_STD_MSG = $BF   ' X01XXXXX
const CAN_CONFIG_ALL_VALID_MSG = $9F   ' X00XXXXX

Example of interfacing CAN transceiver with MCU and bus

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5.2.4 CANSPI Library

The Controller Area Network module (CAN) is serial interface, used for communicating with other peripherals or microcontrollers. CAN module is available with a number of PIC MCU models. MCP2515 or MCP2510 are modules that enable any chip with SPI interface to communicate over CAN bus. BASIC includes a set of library routines to provide you comfortable work with the module. More details about CAN can be found in appropriate literature and on mElektronikos Web site.

Note: CANSPI routines are supported by any PIC MCU model that has SPI interface on PORTC. Also, CS pin of MCP2510 or MCP2515 must be connected to RC0 pin.

5.2.4.1 CANSPISetOperationMode – Sets CAN to requested mode

Prototype sub procedure CANSPISetOperationMode(dim mode as byte, dim Wait as byte)

Description

The procedure copies <mode> to CANSTAT and sets CAN to requested mode.

Operation <mode> code can take any of predefined constant values.
<Wait> takes values TRUE(255) or FALSE(0)

Example

CANSPISetOperationMode(CAN_MODE_LISTEN, TRUE)  ' Sets CAN to Listen mode

5.2.4.2 CANSPIGetOperationMode – Returns the current operation mode of CAN

Prototype	`sub function CANSPIGetOperationMode as byte`
Description	The function returns the current operation mode of CAN.
Example	CANGetOperationMode

5.2.4.3 CANSPIInitialize – Initializes CANSPI

Prototype sub procedure CANSPIInitialize(dim SJW as byte, dim BRP as byte, dim PHSEG1 as byte, dim PHSEG2 as byte, dim PROPSEG as byte, dim CAN_CONFIG_FLAGS as byte)

Description

The procedure initializes CAN module. CAN must be in Configuration mode or else these values will be ignored.

Output:
CAN bit rate is set. All masks registers are set to '0' to allow all messages.
Filter registers are set according to flag value:

If (CAN_CONFIG_FLAGS and CAN_CONFIG_VALID_XTD_MSG) <> 0
    Set all filters to XTD_MSG
Else if (config and CONFIG_VALID_STD_MSG) <> 0
    Set all filters to STD_MSG
Else
    Set half of the filters to STD, and the rest to XTD_MSG

Side Effects:
All pending transmissions are aborted.

Example

dim aa as byte

aa =   CAN_CONFIG_SAMPLE_THRICE and    ' form value to be used
       CAN_CONFIG_PHSEG2_PRG_ON and    ' with CANSPIInitialize
       CAN_CONFIG_STD_MSG and
       CAN_CONFIG_DBL_BUFFER_ON and
       CAN_CONFIG_VALID_XTD_MSG and
       CAN_CONFIG_LINE_FILTER_OFF

CANInitialize(1, 1, 3, 3, 1, aa)

5.2.4.4 CANSPISetBaudRate – Sets CAN Baud Rate

Prototype sub procedure CANSPISetBaudRate(dim SJW as byte, dim BRP as byte, dim PHSEG1 as byte, dim PHSEG2 as byte, dim PROPSEG as byte, dim CAN_CONFIG_FLAGS as byte)

Description

The procedure sets CAN Baud Rate. CAN must be in Configuration mode or else these values will be ignored.

Output:
Given values are bit adjusted to fit in 18XXX8 and BRGCONx registers and copied. CAN bit rate is set as per given values.

Example

CANSPISetBaudRate(1, 1, 3, 3, 1, aa)

5.2.4.5 CANSPISetMask – Sets the CAN message mask

Prototype sub procedure CANSPISetMask(CAN_MASK as byte, val as longint, dim CAN_CONFIG_FLAGS as byte)

Description

The procedure sets the CAN message mask. CAN must be in Configuration mode. If not, all values will be ignored.

Parameters:
CAN_MASK - One of predefined constant value
val - Actual mask register value
CAN_CONFIG_FLAGS - Type of message to filter, either CAN_CONFIG_XTD_MSG or CAN_CONFIG_STD_MSG

Output:
Given value is bit adjusted to appropriate buffer mask registers.

Example

CANSPISetMask(CAN_MASK_B2, -1, CAN_CONFIG_XTD_MSG)

5.2.4.6 CANSPISetFilter – Sets the CAN message filter

Prototype sub procedure CANSPISetFilter(dim CAN_FILTER as byte, dim val as longint, dim CAN_CONFIG_FLAGS as byte)

Description

The procedure sets the CAN message filter. CAN must be in Configuration mode. If not, all values will be ignored.

Parameters:
CAN_FILTER - One of predefined constant values
val - Actual filter register value.
CAN_CONFIG_FLAGS - Type of message to filter, either CAN_CONFIG_XTD_MSG or CAN_CONFIG_STD_MSG

Output:
Given value is bit adjusted to appropriate buffer filter registers

Example

CANSPISetFilter(CAN_FILTER_B1_F1, 3, CAN_CONFIG_XTD_MSG)

5.2.4.7 CANSPIWrite – Queues message for transmission

Prototype sub function CANSPIWrite(dim id as longint, dim byref Data : as byte[8], dim DataLen as byte, dim CAN_TX_MSG_FLAGS as byte) as byte

Description

If at least one empty transmit buffer is found, given message is queued for the transmission. If none found, FALSE value is returned. CAN must be in Normal mode.

Parameters:
id - CAN message identifier. Only 11 or 29 bits may be used depending on message type (standard or extended)
Data - array of as bytes up to 8 as bytes in length
DataLen - Data length from 1 thru 8
CAN_TX_MSG_FLAGS - Value formed from constants (see section below)

Example

aa1 =  CAN_TX_PRIORITY_0 and      ' form value to be used
       CAN_TX_XTD_FRAME and       ' with CANSPIWrite
       CAN_TX_NO_RTR_FRAME

CANSPIWrite(-1, data, 1, aa1)

5.2.4.8 CANSPIRead – Extracts and reads the message

Prototype sub function CANSPIRead(dim byref id as longint, dim byref Data as byte[8], dim byref DataLen as byte, dim byref CAN_RX_MSG_FLAGS as byte) as byte

Description

If at least one full receive buffer is found, the function extracts and returns the message as byte. If none found, FALSE value is returned. CAN must be in mode in which receiving is possible.

Parameters:
id - CAN message identifier
Data - array of bytes up to 8 bytes in length
DataLen - Data length from 1 thru 8
CAN_TX_MSG_FLAGS - Value formed from constants (see below)

Example

res = CANSPIRead(id, Data, 7, 0)

5.2.4.9 CANSPI Library Constants

You need to be familiar with constants that are provided for use with the CAN module. All of the following constants are predefined in CANSPI library.

CAN_OP_MODE

These constant values define CAN module operation mode. CANSetOperationMode() routine requires this code. These values must be used by itself, i.e. they cannot be ANDed to form multiple values.

const CAN_MODE_BITS   = $E0  ' Use these to access opmode bits
const CAN_MODE_NORMAL = 0
const CAN_MODE_SLEEP  = $20
const CAN_MODE_LOOP   = $40
const CAN_MODE_LISTEN = $60
const CAN_MODE_CONFIG = $80

CAN_TX_MSG_FLAGS

These constant values define flags related to transmission of a CAN message. There could be more than one this flag ANDed together to form multiple flags.

const CAN_TX_PRIORITY_BITS  = $03
const CAN_TX_PRIORITY_0  = $FC            ' XXXXXX00
const CAN_TX_PRIORITY_1  = $FD            ' XXXXXX01
const CAN_TX_PRIORITY_2  = $FE            ' XXXXXX10
const CAN_TX_PRIORITY_3  = $FF            ' XXXXXX11

const CAN_TX_FRAME_BIT = $08
const CAN_TX_STD_FRAME = $FF              ' XXXXX1XX
const CAN_TX_XTD_FRAME = $F7              ' XXXXX0XX

const CAN_TX_RTR_BIT = $40
const CAN_TX_NO_RTR_FRAME = $FF           ' X1XXXXXX
const CAN_TX_RTR_FRAME = $BF              ' X0XXXXXX

CAN_RX_MSG_FLAGS

e.g.

if (MsgFlag and CAN_RX_OVERFLOW) <> 0 then

  ' Receiver overflow has occurred.
  ' We have lost our previous message.

const CAN_RX_FILTER_BITS = $07  ' Use these to access filter bits
const CAN_RX_FILTER_1 = $00
const CAN_RX_FILTER_2 = $01
const CAN_RX_FILTER_3 = $02
const CAN_RX_FILTER_4 = $03
const CAN_RX_FILTER_5 = $04
const CAN_RX_FILTER_6 = $05
const CAN_RX_OVERFLOW = $08      ' Set if Overflowed else cleared
const CAN_RX_INVALID_MSG = $10   ' Set if invalid else cleared
const CAN_RX_XTD_FRAME = $20     ' Set if XTD message else cleared
const CAN_RX_RTR_FRAME = $40     ' Set if RTR message else cleared
const CAN_RX_DBL_BUFFERED = $80  ' Set if this message was hardware double-buffered

CAN_MASK

These constant values define mask codes. Routine CANSetMask()requires this code as one of its arguments. These enumerations must be used by itself i.e. it cannot be ANDed to form multiple values.

const CAN_MASK_B1 = 0
const CAN_MASK_B2 = 1

CAN_FILTER

const CAN_FILTER_B1_F1 = 0
const CAN_FILTER_B1_F2 = 1
const CAN_FILTER_B2_F1 = 2
const CAN_FILTER_B2_F2 = 3
const CAN_FILTER_B2_F3 = 4
const CAN_FILTER_B2_F4 = 5

CAN_CONFIG_FLAGS

These constant values define flags related to configuring CAN module. Routines CANInitialize() and CANSetBaudRate() use these codes. One or more these values may be ANDed to form multiple flags

const CAN_CONFIG_DEFAULT = $FF         ' 11111111

const CAN_CONFIG_PHSEG2_PRG_BIT = $01
const CAN_CONFIG_PHSEG2_PRG_ON = $FF   ' XXXXXXX1
const CAN_CONFIG_PHSEG2_PRG_OFF = $FE  ' XXXXXXX0

const CAN_CONFIG_LINE_FILTER_BIT = $02
const CAN_CONFIG_LINE_FILTER_ON = $FF  ' XXXXXX1X
const CAN_CONFIG_LINE_FILTER_OFF = $FD ' XXXXXX0X

const CAN_CONFIG_SAMPLE_BIT = $04
const CAN_CONFIG_SAMPLE_ONCE = $FF     ' XXXXX1XX
const CAN_CONFIG_SAMPLE_THRICE = $FB   ' XXXXX0XX

const CAN_CONFIG_MSG_TYPE_BIT = $08
const CAN_CONFIG_STD_MSG = $FF         ' XXXX1XXX
const CAN_CONFIG_XTD_MSG = $F7         ' XXXX0XXX

const CAN_CONFIG_DBL_BUFFER_BIT = $10
const CAN_CONFIG_DBL_BUFFER_ON = $FF   ' XXX1XXXX
const CAN_CONFIG_DBL_BUFFER_OFF = $EF  ' XXX0XXXX

const CAN_CONFIG_MSG_BITS = $60
const CAN_CONFIG_ALL_MSG = $FF         ' X11XXXXX
const CAN_CONFIG_VALID_XTD_MSG = $DF   ' X10XXXXX
const CAN_CONFIG_VALID_STD_MSG = $BF   ' X01XXXXX
const CAN_CONFIG_ALL_VALID_MSG = $9F   ' X00XXXXX

Example of interfacing CAN transceiver MCP2551, and MCP2510 with MCU and bus

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5.2.5 Compact Flash Library

Compact Flash Library provides routines for accessing data on Compact Flash card (abbrev. CF further in text). CF cards are widely used memory elements, commonly found in digital cameras. Great capacity (8MB ~ 2GB, and more) and excellent access time of typically few microseconds make them very attractive for microcontroller applications.

In CF card, data is divided into sectors, one sector usually comprising 512 bytes (few older models have sectors of 256B). Read and write operations are not performed directly, but successively through 512B buffer. Following routines can be used for CF with FAT16 and FAT32 file system.

Note: routines for file handling (CF_File_Write_Init, CF_File_Write_Byte, CF_File_Write_Complete) can be used only with FAT16 file system, and only with PIC18 family!

Pin diagram of CF memory card

Before write operation, make sure you don’t overwrite boot or FAT sector as it could make your card on PC or digital cam unreadable. Drive mapping tools, such as Winhex, can be of a great assistance.

5.2.5.1 CF_Init_Port – Initializes ports appropriately

Prototype	`sub procedure CF_INIT_PORT(dim byref CtrlPort as byte, dim byref DataPort as byte)`
Description	The procedure initializes ports appropriately: <CtrlPort> is control port, and <DataPort> is data port to which CF is attached.
Example	CF_Init_Port(PORTB, PORTD) ' Control port is PORTB, Data port is PORTD

5.2.5.2 CF_Detect – Checks for presence of CF

Prototype	`sub function CF_DETECT(dim byref CtrlPort as byte) as byte`
Description	The function checks if Compact Flash card is present. Returns true if present, otherwise returns false. <CtrlPort> must be initialized (call CF_INIT_PORT first).
Example	do nop loop until CF_Detect(PORTB) = true ' wait until CF card is inserted

5.2.5.3 CF_Write_Init – Initializes CF card for writing

Prototype sub procedure CF_WRITE_INIT(dim byref CtrlPort as byte, dim byref DataPort as byte, dim Adr as longint, dim SectCnt as byte)

Description

The procedure initializes CF card for writing. Ports need to be initialized.

Parameters:
CtrlPort - control port,
DataPort - data port,
k - specifies sector address from where data will be written,
SectCnt - parameter is total number of sectors prepared for write.

Example

CF_Write_Init(PORTB, PORTD, 590, 1)   ' Initialize write at sector address 590
                                      ' of  1 sector (512 bytes)

5.2.5.4 CF_Write_Byte – Writes 1 byte to CF

Prototype sub procedure CF_WRITE_BYTE(dim byref CtrlPort as byte, dim byref DataPort as byte, dim BData as byte)

Description

The procedure writes 1 byte to Compact Flash. The procedure has effect only if CF card is initialized for writing.

Parameters:
CtrlPort - control port,
DataPort - data port,
dat - data byte written to CF

Example

CF_Write_Init(PORTB, PORTD, 590, 1)   ' Initialize write at sector address 590
                                      ' of  1 sector (512 bytes)

for i = 0 to 511                      ' Write 512 bytes to sector at address 590
  CF_Write_Byte(PORTB, PORTD, i)
next i

5.2.5.5 CF_Write_Word – Writes 1 word to CF

Prototype sub procedure CF_WRITE_WORD(dim byref CtrlPort as byte, dim byref DataPort as byte, dim WData as word)

Description

The procedure writes 1 word to Compact Flash. The procedure has effect only if CF card is initialized for writing.

Parameters:
CtrlPort - control port,
DataPort - data port,
Wdata - data word written to CF

Example

CF_Write_Word(PORTB, PORTD, Data)

5.2.5.6 CF_Read_Init – Initializes CF card for reading

Prototype	`sub procedure CF_READ_INIT(dim byref CtrlPort as byte, dim byref DataPort as byte, dim Adr as longint, dim SectCnt as byte)`
Description	Parameters: CtrlPort - control port, DataPort - data port, Adr - specifies sector address from where data will be read, SectCnt - total number of sectors prepared for read operations.
Example	CF_Read_Init(PORTB, PORTD, 590, 1) ' Initialize write at sector address 590 ' of 1 sector (512 bytes)

5.2.5.7 CF_Read_Byte – Reads 1 byte from CF

Prototype sub function CF_READ_BYTE(dim byref CtrlPort as byte, dim byref DataPort as byte) as byte

Description

Function reads 1 byte from Compact Flash. Ports need to be initialized, and CF must be initialized for reading.

Parameters:
CtrlPort - control port,
DataPort - data port

Example

PORTC = CF_Read_Byte(PORTB, PORTD)     ' read byte and display on PORTC

5.2.5.8 CF_Read_Word – Reads 1 word from CF

Prototype sub function CF_READ_WORD(dim byref CtrlPort as byte, dim byref DataPort as byte) as word

Description

Function reads 1 word from Compact Flash. Ports need to be initialized, and CF must be initialized for reading.

Parameters:
CtrlPort - control port,
DataPort - data port

Example

PORTC = CF_Read_Word(PORTB, PORTD)    ' read word and display on PORTC

5.2.5.9 CF_File_Write_Init – Initializes CF card for file writing operation (FAT16 only, PIC18 only)

Prototype sub procedure CF_File_Write_Init(dim byref CtrlPort as byte, dim byref DataPort as byte)

Description

This procedure initializes CF card for file writing operation (FAT16 only, PIC18 only).

Parameters:
CtrlPort - control port,
DataPort - data port

Example

CF_File_Write_Init(PORTB, PORTD)

5.2.5.10 CF_File_Write_Byte – Adds one byte to file (FAT16 only, PIC18 only)

Prototype sub procedure CF_File_Write_Byte(dim byref CtrlPort as byte, dim byref DataPort as byte,dim Bdata as byte)

Description

This procedure adds one byte (Bdata) to file (FAT16 only, PIC18 only).

Parameters:
CtrlPort - control port,
DataPort - data port,
Bdata - data byte to be written.

Example

while i < 50000
  CF_File_Write_Byte(PORTB, PORTD, 48 + index)
    ' demonstration: writes 50000 bytes to file
  inc(i)
wend

5.2.5.11 CF_File_Write_Complete – Closes file and makes it readable (FAT16 only, PIC18 only)

Prototype sub procedure CF_File_Write_Complete(dim byref CtrlPort as byte, dim byref DataPort as byte,dim byref Filename as char[9])

Description

Upon all data has be written to file, use this procedure to close the file and make it readable by Windows (FAT16 only, PIC18 only).

Parameters:
CtrlPort - control port,
DataPort - data port,
Filename (must be in uppercase and must have exactly 8 characters).

Example

CF_File_Write_Complete(PORTB, PORTD, "example1", "txt")

Pin diagram of CF memory card

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5.2.6 EEPROM Library

EEPROM data memory is available with a number of PIC MCU models. Set of library procedures and functions is listed below to provide you comfortable work with EEPROM.

Notes:
Be aware that all interrupts will be disabled during execution of EEPROM_Write routine (GIE bit of INTCON register will be cleared). Routine will set this bit on exit.

Ensure minimum 20ms delay between successive use of routines EEPROM_Write and EEPROM_Read. Although EEPROM will write the correct value, EEPROM_Read might return undefined result.

5.2.6.1 EEPROM_Read – Reads 1 byte from EEPROM

Prototype sub function EEprom_Read(dim Address as byte) as byte

Description

Function reads byte from <Address>. <Address> is of byte type, which means it can address only 256 locations. For PIC18 MCU models with more EEPROM data locations, it is programmer's responsibility to set SFR EEADRH register appropriately.

Ensure minimum 20ms delay between successive use of routines EEPROM_Write and EEPROM_Read. Although EEPROM will write the correct value, EEPROM_Read might return undefined result.

Example

TRISB = 0
Delay_ms(30)

for i = 0 to 20
  PORTB = EEPROM_Read(i)
  for j = 0 to 200
    Delay_us(500)
  next j
next i

5.2.6.2 EEPROM_Write – Writes 1 byte to EEPROM

Prototype sub procedure EEprom_Write(dim Address as byte, dim Data as byte)

Description

Function writes byte to <Address>. <Address> is of byte type, which means it can address only 256 locations. For PIC18 MCU models with more EEPROM data locations, it is programmer's responsibility to set SFR EEADRH register appropriately.

All interrupts will be disabled during execution of EEPROM_Write routine (GIE bit of INTCON register will be cleared). Routine will set this bit on exit

Ensure minimum 20ms delay between successive use of routines EEPROM_Write and EEPROM_Read. Although EEPROM will write the correct value, EEPROM_Read might return undefined result.

Example

 for i = 0 to 20
   EEPROM_Write(i, i + 6)
  next i

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5.2.7 Flash Memory Library

This library provides routines for accessing microcontroller Flash memory.

Note: Routines differ for PIC16 and PIC18 families.

5.2.7.1 Flash_Read – Reads data from microcontroller Flash memory

Prototype	`sub function Flash_Read(dim Address as longint) as byte ' for PIC18` `sub function Flash_Read(dim Address as word) as word ' for PIC16`
Description	Procedure reads data from the specified <Address>.
Example	for i = 0 to 63 toRead = Flash_Read($0D00 + i) ' read 64 consecutive locations starting from 0x0D00 next i

5.2.7.2 Flash_Write – Writes data to microcontroller Flash memory

Prototype	`sub procedure Flash_Write(dim Address as longint, dim byref Data as byte[64]) ' for PIC18 sub procedure Flash_Write(dim Address as word, dim Data as word) ' for PIC16`
Description	Procedure writes chunk of data to Flash memory (for PIC18, data needs to exactly 64 bytes in size). Keep in mind that this function erases target memory before writing <Data> to it. This means that if write was unsuccessful, your previous data will be lost.
Example	for i = 0 to 63 ' initialize array toWrite[i] = i next i Flash_Write($0D00, toWrite) ' write contents of the array to the address 0x0D00

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5.2.8 I2C Library

I2C interface is serial interface used for communicating with peripheral or other microcontroller devices. Routines below are intended for PIC MCUs with MSSP module. By using these, you can configure and use PIC MCU as master in I2C communication.

5.2.8.1 I2C_Init – Initializes I2C module

Prototype	`sub procedure I2C_Init(const Clock as longint)`
Description	Initializes I2C module. Parameter <Clock> is a desired I2C clock (refer to device data sheet for correct values in respect with Fosc).
Example	I2C_Init(100000)

5.2.8.2 I2C_Start – Issues start condition

Prototype	`sub function I2C_Start as byte`
Description	Determines if I2C bus is free and issues START condition; if there is no error, function returns 0.
Example	I2C_Start

5.2.8.3 I2C_Repeated_Start – Performs repeated start

Prototype	`sub procedure I2C_Repeated_Start`
Description	Performs repeated start condition.
Example	I2C_Repeated_Start

5.2.8.4 I2C_Rd – Receives byte from slave

Prototype	`sub function I2C_Rd(dim Ack as byte) as byte`
Description	Receives 1 byte from slave and sends not acknowledge signal if <Ack> is 0; otherwise, it sends acknowledge.
Example	Data = I2C_Rd(1) ' read data w/ acknowledge

5.2.8.5 I2C_Wr – Sends data byte via I2C bus

Prototype	`sub function I2C_Wr(dim Data as byte) as byte`
Description	After you have issued a start or repeated start you can send <Data> byte via I2C bus. The function returns 0 if there are no errors.
Example	I2C_Wr($A2) ' send byte via I2C(command to 24cO2)

5.2.8.6 I2C_Stop – Issues STOP condition

Prototype	`sub procedure I2C_Stop as byte`
Description	Issues STOP condition.
Example	I2C_Stop

Example of I2C communication with 24c02 EEPROM

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5.2.9 LCD Library

BASIC provides a set of library procedures and functions for communicating with commonly used 4-bit interface LCD (with Hitachi HD44780 controller). Be sure to designate port with LCD as output, before using any of the following library procedures or functions.

5.2.9.1 LCD_Init – Initializes LCD with default pin settings

Prototype	`sub procedure LCD_Init(dim byref Port as byte)`
Description	Initializes LCD at <Port> with default pin settings (see the figure below).
Example	LCD_Init(PORTB) ' Initializes LCD on PORTB (check pin settings in the figure below)

5.2.9.2 LCD_Config – Initializes LCD with custom pin settings

Prototype	`sub procedure LCD_Config(dim byref Port as byte, const RS, const EN, const WR, const D7, const D6, const D5, const D4)`
Description	Initializes LCD at <Port> with pin settings you specify: parameters <RS>, <EN>, <WR>, <D7> .. <D4> need to be a combination of values 0..7 (e.g. 3,6,0,7,2,1,4).
Example	LCD_Config(PORTD, 1, 2, 0, 3, 5, 4, 6) ' Initializes LCD on PORTD with our custom pin settings

5.2.9.3 LCD_Chr – Prints char on LCD at specified row and col

Prototype	`sub procedure LCD_Chr(dim Row as byte, dim Column as byte, dim Character as byte)`
Description	Prints <Character> at specified <Row> and <Column> on LCD.
Example	LCD_Chr(1, 2, "e") ' Prints character "e" on LCD (1st row, 2nd column)

5.2.9.4 LCD_Chr_CP – Prints char on LCD at current cursor position

Prototype	`sub procedure LCD_Chr_CP(dim Character as byte)`
Description	Prints <Character> at current cursor position.
Example	LCD_Chr_CP("k") ' Prints character "k" at current cursor position

5.2.9.5 LCD_Out – Prints string on LCD at specified row and col

Prototype	`sub procedure LCD_Out(dim Row as byte, dim Column as byte, dim byref Text as char[255])`
Description	Prints <Text> (string variable) at specified <Row> and <Column> on LCD. Both string variables and string constants can be passed.
Example	LCD_Out(1, 3, Text) ' Prints string variable Text on LCD (1st row, 3rd column)

5.2.9.6 LCD_Out_CP – Prints string on LCD at current cursor position

Prototype	`sub procedure LCD_Out_CP(dim byref Text as char[255])`
Description	Prints <Text> (string variable) at current cursor position. Both string variables and string constants can be passed.
Example	LCD_Out_CP("Some text") ' Prints "Some text" at current cursor position

5.2.9.7 LCD_Cmd – Sends command to LCD

Prototype sub procedure LCD_Cmd(dim Command as byte)

Description

Sends <Command> to LCD.

List of available commands follows:

LCD_First_Row
 ' Moves cursor to 1st row

LCD_Second_Row
 ' Moves cursor to 2nd row

LCD_Third_Row
 ' Moves cursor to 3rd row

LCD_Fourth_Row
 ' Moves cursor to 4th row

LCD_Clear
 ' Clears display

LCD_Return_Home
 ' Returns cursor to home position,
 ' returns a shifted display to original position.
 ' Display data RAM is unaffected.

LCD_Cursor_Off
 ' Turn off cursor

LCD_Underline_On
 ' Underline cursor on

LCD_Blink_Cursor_On
 ' Blink cursor on

LCD_Move_Cursor_Left
 ' Move cursor left without changing display data RAM

LCD_Move_Cursor_Right
 ' Move cursor right without changing display data RAM

LCD_Turn_On
 ' Turn LCD display on

LCD_Turn_Off
 ' Turn LCD display off

LCD_Shift_Left
 ' Shift display left without changing display data RAM

LCD_Shift_Right
 ' Shift display right without changing display data RAM

Example

LCD_Cmd(LCD_Clear)    ' Clears LCD display

LCD HW connection

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5.2.10 LCD8 Library (8-bit interface LCD)

BASIC provides a set of library procedures and functions for communicating with commonly used 8-bit interface LCD (with Hitachi HD44780 controller). Be sure to designate Control and Data ports with LCD as output, before using any of the following library procedures or functions.

5.2.10.1 LCD8_Init – Initializes LCD with default pin settings

Prototype	`sub procedure LCD8_Init(dim byref Port_Ctrl as byte, dim byref Port_Data as byte)`
Description	Initializes LCD at <Port_Ctrl> and <Port_Data> with default pin settings (see the figure below).
Example	LCD8_Init(PORTB, PORTC) ' Initializes LCD on PORTB and PORTC with default pin settings ' (check pin settings in the figure below)

5.2.10.2 LCD8_Config – Initializes LCD with custom pin settings

Prototype	`sub procedure LCD8_Config(dim byref Port_Ctrl as byte, dim byref Port_Data as byte, const RS, const EN, const WR, const D7, const D6, const D5, const D4, const D3, const D2, const D1, const D0)`
Description	Initializes LCD at <Port_Ctrl> and <Port_Data> with pin settings you specify: parameters <RS>, <EN>, <WR> need to be in range 0..7; parameters <D7>..<D0> need to be a combination of values 0..7 (e.g. 3,6,5,0,7,2,1,4).
Example	LCD8_Config(PORTC, PORTD, 0, 1, 2, 6, 5, 4, 3, 7, 1, 2, 0) ' Initializes LCD on PORTC and PORTD with our custom pin settings

5.2.10.3 LCD8_Chr – Prints char on LCD at specified row and col

Prototype	`sub procedure LCD8_Chr(dim Row as byte, dim Column as byte, dim Character as byte)`
Description	Prints <Character> at specified <Row> and <Column> on LCD.
Example	LCD8_Chr(1, 2, "e") ' Prints character "e" on LCD (1st row, 2nd column)

5.2.10.4 LCD8_Chr_CP – Prints char on LCD at current cursor position

Prototype	`sub procedure LCD8_Chr_CP(dim Character as byte)`
Description	Prints <Character> at current cursor position.
Example	LCD8_Chr_CP("k") ' Prints character "k" at current cursor position

5.2.10.5 LCD8_Out – Prints string on LCD at specified row and col

Prototype	`sub procedure LCD8_Out(dim Row as byte, dim Column as byte, dim byref Text as char[255])`
Description	Prints <Text> (string variable) at specified <Row> and <Column> on LCD. Both string variables and string constants can be passed.
Example	LCD8_Out(1, 3, Text) ' Prints string variable Text on LCD (1st row, 3rd column)

5.2.10.6 LCD8_Out_CP – Prints string on LCD at current cursor position

Prototype	`sub procedure LCD8_Out_CP(dim byref Text as char[255])`
Description	Prints <Text> (string variable) at current cursor position. Both string variables and string constants can be passed.
Example	LCD8_Out_CP("Test") ' Prints "Test" at current cursor position

5.2.10.7 LCD8_Cmd – Sends command to LCD

Prototype sub procedure LCD8_Cmd(dim Command as byte)

Description

Sends <Command > to LCD.

List of available commands follows:

LCD_First_Row
 ' Moves cursor to 1st row

LCD_Second_Row
 ' Moves cursor to 2nd row

LCD_Third_Row
 ' Moves cursor to 3rd row

LCD_Fourth_Row
 ' Moves cursor to 4th row

LCD_Clear
 ' Clears display

LCD_Return_Home
 ' Returns cursor to home position,
 ' returns a shifted display to original position.
 ' Display data RAM is unaffected.

LCD_Cursor_Off
 ' Turn off cursor

LCD_Underline_On
 ' Underline cursor on

LCD_Blink_Cursor_On
 ' Blink cursor on

LCD_Move_Cursor_Left
 ' Move cursor left without changing display data RAM

LCD_Move_Cursor_Right
 ' Move cursor right without changing display data RAM

LCD_Turn_On
 ' Turn LCD display on

LCD_Turn_Off
 ' Turn LCD display off

LCD_Shift_Left
 ' Shift display left without changing display data RAM

LCD_Shift_Right
 ' Shift display right without changing display data RAM

Example

LCD8_Cmd(LCD_Clear)    ' Clears LCD display

LCD HW connection

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5.2.11 Graphic LCD Library

mikroPascal provides a set of library procedures and functions for drawing and writing on Graphical LCD. Also it is possible to convert bitmap (use menu option Tools > BMP2LCD) to constant array and display it on GLCD. These routines works with commonly used GLCD 128x64, and work only with the PIC18 family.

5.2.11.1 GLCD_Config – Initializes GLCD with custom pin settings

Prototype	`sub procedure GLCD_Config(dim byref Ctrl_Port as byte, dim byref Data_Port as byte, dim Reset as byte, dim Enable as byte,dim RS as byte, dim RW as byte, dim CS1 as byte, dim CS2 as byte)`
Description	Initializes GLCD at <Ctrl_Port> and <Data_Port> with custom pin settings.
Example	GLCD_LCD_Config(PORTB, PORTC, 1,7,4,6,0,2)

5.2.11.2 GLCD_Init – Initializes GLCD with default pin settings

Prototype	`sub procedure GLCD_Init(dim Ctrl_Port as byte, dim Data_Port as byte)`
Description	Initializes LCD at <Ctrl_Port> and <Data_Port>. With default pin settings Reset=7, Enable=1, RS=3, RW=5, CS1=2, CS2=0.
Example	GLCD_LCD_Init(PORTB, PORTC)

5.2.11.3 GLCD_Put_Ins – Sends instruction to GLCD.

Prototype sub procedure GLCD_Put_Ins(dim Ins as byte)

Description

Sends instruction <Ins> to GLCD. Available instructions include:

X_ADRESS = $B8    ' Adress base for Page 0
Y_ADRESS = $40    ' Adress base for Y0
START_LINE = $C0  ' Adress base for line 0
DISPLAY_ON = $3F  ' Turn display on
DISPLAY_OFF = $3E ' Turn display off

Example

GLCD_Put_Ins(DISPLAY_ON)

5.2.11.4 GLCD_Put_Data – Sends data byte to GLCD.

Prototype	`sub procedure GLCD_Put_Data(dim data as byte)`
Description	Sends data byte to GLCD.
Example	GLCD_Put_Data(temperature)

5.2.11.5 GLCD_Put_Data2 – Sends data byte to GLCD.

Prototype	`sub procedure GLCD_Put_Data2(dim data as byte, dim side as byte)`
Description	Sends data to GLCD at specified <side> (<side> can take constant value LEFT or RIGHT) .
Example	GLCD_Put_Data2(temperature, 1)

5.2.11.6 GLCD_Select_Side- Selects the side of the GLCD.

Prototype	`sub procedure GLCD_Select_Side(dim LCDSide as byte)`
Description	Selects the side of the GLCD: `' const RIGHT = 0` `' const LEFT = 1`
Example	GLCD_Select_Side(1)

5.2.11.7 GLCD_Data_Read – Reads data from GLCD.

Prototype	`sub function GLCD_Data_Read as byte`
Description	Reads data from GLCD.
Example	GLCD_Data_Read

5.2.11.8 GLCD_Clear_Dot – Clears a dot on the GLCD.

Prototype	`sub procedure GLCD_Clear_Dot(dim x as byte, dim y as byte)`
Description	Clears a dot on the GLCD at specified coordinates.
Example	GLCD_Clear_Dot(20, 32)

5.2.11.9 GLCD_Set_Dot – Draws a dot on the GLCD.

Prototype	`sub procedure GLCD_Set_Dot(dim x as byte, dim y as byte)`
Description	Draws a dot on the GLCD at specified coordinates.
Example	GLCD_Set_Dot(20, 32)

5.2.11.10 GLCD_Circle – Draws a circle on the GLCD.

Prototype	`sub procedure GLCD_Circle(dim CenterX as integer, dim CenterY as integer, dim Radius as integer)`
Description	Draws a circle on the GLCD, centered at <CenterX, CenterY> with <Radius>.
Example	GLCD_Circle(30, 42, 6)

5.2.11.11 GLCD_Line – Draws a line

Prototype sub procedure GLCD_Line(dim x1 as integer, dim y1 as integer, dim x2 as i

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Chapter 5: Built-in and Library Routines

Introduction

5.1 Built-in Routines

5.1.1 SetBit – Sets the specified bit

5.1.2 ClearBit – Clears the specified bit

5.1.3 TestBit – Tests the specified bit

5.1.4 Lo – Extract one byte from the specified parameter

5.1.5 Hi – Extract one byte from the specified parameter

5.1.6 Higher – Extract one byte from the specified parameter

5.1.7 Highest – Extract one byte from the specified parameter

5.1.8 Delay_us – Software delay in us

5.1.9 Delay_ms – Software delay in ms

5.1.10 Inc – Increases variable by 1

5.1.11 Dec – Decreases variable by 1

5.1.12 StrLen – Returns length of string

5.2 Library Routines

5.2.1 Numeric Formatting Routines

5.2.1.1 ByteToStr – Converts byte to string

5.2.1.2 WordToStr – Converts word to string

5.2.1.3 ShortToStr – Converts short to string

5.2.1.4 IntToStr – Converts integer to string

5.2.1.5 Bcd2Dec – Converts 8-bit BCD value to decimal

5.2.1.6 Bcd2Dec – Converts 8-bit decimal to BCD

5.2.1.7 Bcd2Dec – Converts 16-bit BCD value to decimal

5.2.1.8 Bcd2Dec – Converts 16-bit BCD value to decimal

5.2.2 ADC Library

5.2.2.1 ADC_Read – Get the results of AD conversion

5.2.3 CAN Library

5.2.3.1 CANSetOperationMode – Sets CAN to requested mode

5.2.3.2 CANGetOperationMode – Returns the current operation mode of CAN

5.2.3.3 CANInitialize – Initializes CAN

5.2.3.4 CANSetBaudRate – Sets CAN Baud Rate

5.2.3.5 CANSetMask – Sets the CAN message mask

5.2.3.6 CANSetFilter – Sets the CAN message filter

5.2.3.7 CANWrite – Queues message for transmission

5.2.3.8 CANRead – Extracts and reads the message

5.2.3.9 CAN Library Constants

5.2.4 CANSPI Library

5.2.4.1 CANSPISetOperationMode – Sets CAN to requested mode

5.2.4.2 CANSPIGetOperationMode – Returns the current operation mode of CAN

5.2.4.3 CANSPIInitialize – Initializes CANSPI

5.2.4.4 CANSPISetBaudRate – Sets CAN Baud Rate

5.2.4.5 CANSPISetMask – Sets the CAN message mask

5.2.4.6 CANSPISetFilter – Sets the CAN message filter

5.2.4.7 CANSPIWrite – Queues message for transmission

5.2.4.8 CANSPIRead – Extracts and reads the message

5.2.4.9 CANSPI Library Constants

5.2.5 Compact Flash Library

5.2.5.1 CF_Init_Port – Initializes ports appropriately

5.2.5.2 CF_Detect – Checks for presence of CF

5.2.5.3 CF_Write_Init – Initializes CF card for writing

5.2.5.4 CF_Write_Byte – Writes 1 byte to CF

5.2.5.5 CF_Write_Word – Writes 1 word to CF

5.2.5.6 CF_Read_Init – Initializes CF card for reading

5.2.5.7 CF_Read_Byte – Reads 1 byte from CF

5.2.5.8 CF_Read_Word – Reads 1 word from CF

5.2.5.9 CF_File_Write_Init – Initializes CF card for file writing operation (FAT16 only, PIC18 only)

5.2.5.10 CF_File_Write_Byte – Adds one byte to file (FAT16 only, PIC18 only)

5.2.5.11 CF_File_Write_Complete – Closes file and makes it readable (FAT16 only, PIC18 only)

5.2.6 EEPROM Library

5.2.6.1 EEPROM_Read – Reads 1 byte from EEPROM

5.2.6.2 EEPROM_Write – Writes 1 byte to EEPROM

5.2.7 Flash Memory Library

5.2.7.1 Flash_Read – Reads data from microcontroller Flash memory

5.2.7.2 Flash_Write – Writes data to microcontroller Flash memory

5.2.8 I2C Library

5.2.8.1 I2C_Init – Initializes I2C module

5.2.8.2 I2C_Start – Issues start condition

5.2.8.3 I2C_Repeated_Start – Performs repeated start

5.2.8.4 I2C_Rd – Receives byte from slave

5.2.8.5 I2C_Wr – Sends data byte via I2C bus

5.2.8.6 I2C_Stop – Issues STOP condition

5.2.9 LCD Library

5.2.9.1 LCD_Init – Initializes LCD with default pin settings

5.2.9.2 LCD_Config – Initializes LCD with custom pin settings

5.2.9.3 LCD_Chr – Prints char on LCD at specified row and col

5.2.9.4 LCD_Chr_CP – Prints char on LCD at current cursor position